An Embedded
system is a computer
system designed for specific control functions within a
larger system, often with real-time computing
constraints. Embedded as part
of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By
contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal
computer, is designed to be flexible and to meet a wide
range of end-user needs. Embedded
system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers
can optimize it to reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the
reliability and performance.
Embedded systems
are designed to do some specific task, rather than be a general-purpose
computer for multiple tasks. Some also have real-time
performance constraints that must be met, for reasons such as safety and
usability; others may have low or no performance requirements, allowing the
system hardware to be simplified to reduce costs. The program instructions
written for embedded systems are referred to as firmware,
and are stored in read-only memory or Flash
memory chips. The integration of microcontrollers
has further increased the applications for which embedded systems are used into areas
where traditionally a computer would not have been considered. A general
purpose and comparatively low-cost microcontroller may often be programmed to
fulfill the same role as a large number of separate components. Although in
this context an embedded
system is usually more complex than a traditional
solution, most of the complexity is contained within the microcontroller
itself.
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